There follows a list of examples to illustrate how EAGLES proposes to encode well-known restrictions.
Impersonal verbs are usually taken to be defective (pleuvoir `to rain'). Even so, they may be not defective in other constructions.
(100) | Il pleut des cailloux sur la place |
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(101) | Des cailloux pleuvent sur la place |
In such cases, it is possible to mark the morphosyntactic restriction of 3rd person singular on the lexical unit only in association with the impersonal construction:
Self=[Pers:3][Numb:sg]
Different auxiliaries can be associated with the main verb for different constructions.
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(102) | To be gone down to the cellar | (Self=[Aux:BE]) |
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(103) | Être descendu à la cave | (Self=[Aux:ETRE]) |
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(104) | To have gone down the steps | (Self=[Aux:HAVE]) |
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(105) | Avoir descendu les escaliers | (Self=[Aux:AVOIR]) |
English and German verbs have the particularity to be sometimes expanded with an adverbial particle. This particle is isomorphormic to a preposition, it may adhere to the verb or be separated from it by complements. Though it looks like a preposition, an adverbial particle does not introduce a complement. The particle is definitely not a slot realisation but is a component of the same morphological unit in different uses. The verb set, for example, may occur with or without a particle:
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(106) | He set the table |
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(107) | You are all set up now | (Self=[Part:up]) |
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(108) | They set up an inquiry | (Self=[Part:up]) |
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(109) | I have set it all up for you | (Self=[Part:up]) |
If an object is accidently coreferent with the subject, the reflexive or reciprocal pronoun is nothing else but one of the many realisations of an object slot.
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(110) | She trusted him |
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(111) | He asked me whether it was true |
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(112) | He asked himself whether it was true |
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(113) | They always fight their superiors |
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(114) | They always fight each other |
If a pronoun has no reference at all, the verb is considered to be a pronominal verb. The pronoun is not a slot realisation but it is a component of the lexical unit.
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(115) | S' exclama-t-il | (Self=[Pro:SE]) |
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(116) | La tasse s'est cassée | (Self=[Pro:SE]) |
Some cases are controversial because the lack of referentiality is not so obvious.
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(117) | Il s'{ est lavé |
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(118) | Il s' est lavé la figure | (Self=[Pro:SE]) |
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(119) | He expected that they would make some profits | (S[Finite:+][Introd:THAT]) |
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(120) | He wondered whether he should come | (S[Finite:+][WhType:Inter]) |
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(121) | He wondered who should come | (S[Finite:+][WhType:Inter]) |
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(122) | He wanted to leave | (VP[Mood:infinitive]) |
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(123) | They started screaming all around | (VP[VerbF:ing]) |
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(124) | He talked of leaving | (VP[VerbF:ing]) |
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(125) | He looked preoccupied by this meeting | (VP[VerbF:pastpart]) |
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(126) | He counted on the manager | (PP[Introd:on]) |
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(127) | He jumped into/under/... the train | (PP[Introd:into]/PP[Introd:under]/...) |
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(128) | It is raining cats and dogs | (PRO[Lex:IT]) |
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(129) | There is a lot of rain | (PRO[Lex:THERE]) |
It is allowed to attach a case indication on a NP or a PP, even for languages with no case marking. This facility prevents the systematic recording of pronouns as slot realisations, which is possible if wished however.
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(130) | He/John went back home | (NP[Case:nom]) |
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(131) | I missed him/John so much | (NP[Case:acc]) |
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(132) | Mary expected [a friend/to welcome a friend/that a friend would come] |
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(133) | A friend is expected by Mary |